Asháninka Communal Reserve was created by means of Supreme Decree Nº 003-2003-AG on January the 13th of 2003. It is located in the mid part of the western side of the Cordillera of Vilcabamba, in the District of Rio Tambo, Province of Satipo, in the Department of Junín, covering a surface of 184468.38 hectares.

The difficult access to this zone allows a type of geographical isolation that has helped on the conservation of the Communal Reserve. This area has a fauna representative of the hills and low mountains of the Amazon's ecosystems. Much of these fauna species are part of the community's daily bread, a community that has lived in harmony with its environment for centuries.

There are several Life Zones within this area, such as the Tropical Dry Forest, the Tropical / Sub-Tropical Pre-Mountainous Very Misty Forest, the Tropical / Sub-Tropical Pre-Mountainous Rainforest, the Tropical Mountainous Lower Rainforest, and the Sub-Tropical Mountainous Lower Rainforest, which make possible the existence of a great biological diversity.

The vegetal species present in most of the Reserve's forests are the chimicua tree (Perebea chimicua), the oak, the shimbillo tree (Inga sp), the quinilla BRAZILIAN CHERRY., the requia Brazilian mahogany"., the zapotillo wild Persimmon, and the cumala or Virola tree; followed in importance by the carahuasca tree (Guatteria sp.), the mashonaste Snakewood/Marblewood (Clarisia racemosa), the caimitillo tree (Pouteria sp.), ubos hog plum;yellow spanish plum. (Spondias monbin), pashaco tree (Macrolobium sp.), uchumullaca tree (Trichilia sp.), renaco (Ficus sp.), the hualaja tree (Zanthoxylum risianum), the espintana tree (Osandra sp.), the manchinga tree (Brosimun alicastrum), and the pumaquiro or aricanga tree (Aspidosperma macrocarpon).

Regarding the fauna, it is estimated that there are 115 bird species and at least three monkey species, amongst many other animal species living in the Reserve. Besides, there are 19 butterfly species, 60 spider species, 22 cricket species, 166 beetle species and 102 bee and wasp species.

The main objective of Asháninka Communal Reserve is to protect areas that hold the sources of biological and water resources for the Asháninka people settled on the right banks of the Tambo, Ene and Apurímac Rivers, as well as to protect the biological diversity, the beautiful settings and the cultural values whose conservation contributes to the development of the native communities.